A SOURCE BOOK OF ROMAN HISTORY Q H I COPYRIGHT, 1904, BY D. C. HEATH Ca PREFACE THE extracts in this volume are intended to be used in con nection with the text-book. No attempt has been made to tell a continuous story. It has seemed wise to choose a few general topics, and for these to furnish enough material for satisfactory work. It is needless to say that with such a wealth of sources the task of selection has been difficult. Of the passages origi nally selected for inclusion, less than one-quarter could be printed in this volume. Easily accessible translations have been used wherever it was possible. In the appendix I have indicated after the name of each author the translation used. Where no name is given, the extracts were translated either by Mr. R. F. Scholz or by myself. In using the translations I have made a few slight changes in wording and punctuation. I have usually retained any important notes given in the translations. The illustrations are intended merely to suggest that pictures form a very important class of sources. In the appendix brief statements are given as to the provenance and description of these pictures. Most of our text-books are well illustrated, and their pictures should be utilized as far as possible for class room exercises. No fancy-pictures should be so used only representations of actual remains, of statuary, or of Roman drawings. The students should describe what the picture represents and its historic importance. The references to secondary works include the most common treatises and text-books 1 occasionally a foreign work has been l Botsfords Story of Rome was not published in time to be included among these references. It should be consulted byteachers. V VI PREFACE added because of its exceptional value for that particular sub ject. It is hoped that the additional references to sources will aid pupils to work in the school library, which ought to include some of the translations noted. In a manual for teachers, soon to be published, I shall offer some additional suggestions as to the manner in which this book may be used. Mr. Richard F. Scholz, Fellow in European History in this University, has aided me greatly in the preparation of this work. He has prepared the references to sources and to secondary works, most of the biographical notices and descriptions of illustrations, and some of the translations. His accurate knowl edge and painstaking care have been of the greatest service. I wish also to thank the various publishers for permission to use the translations and illustrations. I hope that the extracts in this book may lead some schools to purchase the complete translations. I must also express my gratitude to Professor Earl Barnes for many helpful suggestions. DANA CARLETON MUNRO. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. CONTENTS I. ITALY ROME. SOURCES AND CREDIBILITY OF EARLY ROMAN HISTORY ....... i II. RELIGION 6 III. THE ROMAN ARMY 23 IV. MONARCHICAL INSTITUTIONS. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC. LAWS OF THE EARLY REPUBLIC . 41 V. EARLY HISTORY 66 VI. CONQUEST OF THE MEDITERRANEAN. PUNIC WARS . 78 VII. RESULTS OF FOREIGN WARS. MISRULE OF THE OPTI MATES ......... 93 VIII. THE LAST CENTURY OF THE REPUBLIC a The Beginning of the Revolution. The Gracchi 104 b The Civil Wars. Marius and Sulla. Pompey and Caesar . . . . . . .114 IX. THE EARLY EMPIRE 143 X. CHRISTIANITY AND STOICISM 163 XL ROMAN LIFE AND SOCIETY a Slavery ........ 179Education ........ 193 V Manners, Customs, Amusements, etc. . . . 197 XII. PROVINCES AND PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATION . .217 XIII. APPENDIX I. Biographies of Authors Quoted . .. 239 XIV. APPENDIX II. Remarks on the Illustrations . . . 249 XV. INDEX 255 vii ILLUSTRATIONS 1 . Pont du Card ...... Frontispiece 2. Farmers 1 Calendar . . . . . . . .10 3. Coop with Sacred Chickens . . . . . . .16 4. Suovetaurilia . . . . . . . . .21 5. A Roman Standard-bearer ....... 26 6. A Roman Camp ......... 30 7. A Testudo 39 8. A Roman sacrificing ........ 69 9. A Roman Litter .....