Lipid biomarkers can provide an indication of the health of an environment and in particular indicate the source of organic matter in that environment. This book will review each class of lipid biomarker, its key requirements and how some are used to indicate processes and environmental conditions rather than source. Starting with an introduction to review what lipid biomarkers are and are not, this book will provide a comprehensive and understandable resource for the specialists and non-specialists alike. Consideration will be given to some multivariate statistics such as PCA, PLS and PVA since this enhances the information available within the data obtained. The use of case studies puts the material into context and enables the book to be an educational resource.