Sound policy and legal frameworks for bioenergy are necessary to ensure that socio-economic and environmental sustainability considerations are taken into account in the production, promotion and use of bioenergy, with a view to minimising risks of negative impacts and maximising benefits in the immediate and long term. Through a series of case studies, this publication aims at identifying specific recommendations for policy-makers and legal drafters to ensure that policy and legal instruments on bioenergy contribute to food security, rural development and environmental sustainability.