THE SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY IN THE MODERN WORLD TO MY COLLEAGUES WITH WHOM I HAVE SERVED FOR TWENTY YEARS IN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE AMERICAN BOARD PREFATORY NOTE I delivered in October and November, 1913, in Mansfield College, Oxford, the Dale Lectures on The Expansion of Christendom and the Naturalization of Christianity in the Orient in the Nineteenth Century. The book was finished in 1915. Its publication has been delayed because of the war. The publisher has con sented that certain general considerations which are elaborated in that book shall appear in brief in the introduction to this. The publishers of this book have acceded to the same request. Apart from the statement of their common point of view which is thus provided for, it is hoped that the two books may serve as com plementary the one to the other. This book attempts a survey of the history of missions since the beginning of the modern era. It aims to depict the missionary movement against the background of general history. It seeks to present an outline of the main facts so far as this is possible within so small a compass. The other book assumes knowledge of the facts, both those which relate to the spread of the influence of European civiliza tion and as well those which directly concern the propa ganda for the Christian religion. It proposes to interpret this history and to discuss the philosophical and religious principles involved. EDWAED CALDWELL MOORE CAMBRIDGE, MASS. August 18, 1918 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I GENERAL OUTLINE CHAPTER PAGE I. THE EXPANSION or CHRISTENDOM 5 II. THE EXPANSION or MODERN EUROPE BEFORE THE MIDDLE OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTTOY ... 25 III. THE EXPANSION or MODERN EUROPE THE PERIOD SINCE 175737 IV. THE EXPANSION or EUROPE IN AMERICA AND RUS SIAN ASIA 61 V. THE OPENING OE AFRICA 71 VI. MISSIONARY THEORY AND INSTRUMENTALITIES . . 79 PART II HISTORY OF THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT WITH INDICATIONS OF THE PRESENT SITUATION IN DIFFERENT LANDS VII. INDIA 109 VIII. JAPAN . . 141 IX. CHINA 177 X. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND THE MOSLEM WORLD . 211 XL AFRICA 251 XII. THE AMERICAS AND THE ISLANDS ...... 285 CONCLUSION 318 REFERENCES 321 INDEX 347 PART I GENERAL OUTLINE CHAPTER I THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTENDOM