Medical knowledge mediation through translation encompasses both interlingual translation and intralingual translation or reformulation and this collection of essays explores the communicative continuum across which medical knowledge is transferred and distributed. At every stage of that transfer process, there are multiple phenomena of recontextualisation and reformulation at work between different knowledge communities with different knowledge backgrounds and needs, both within a given language and between different languages and cultures. The role played by these different forms of translation and interpretation in such medical communication settings is the main focus of this special issue of Linguistica Antverpiensia New Series - Themes in Translation Studies.