This book is a detailed analysis of the food scarcity and epidemics among the womenfolk and other vulnerable sections of society in colonial Orissa. Its major significance lies in the fact that the food crisis, mass exodus and adverse sex ratio continue to raise questions in the contemporary world. Studies of such experiences help in re-designing strategies to meet the challenges arising from natural disasters, wars, pandemics, besides pov­erty and uncertain production outcomes. The study of Orissa Famine of 1866 explodes the myth upheld by the colonial administrators that women died at a lower rate than men in fam­ines, because they could easily adapt to food scarcity and were supposedly less prone to infectious diseases. Evidence based on historical, sociolog­ical and biological factors showed that increasing male migration, much of it, leading to high mortality, explains the change in sex ratio during the colonial period. This work also shows that many of today's consumption preferences, linguistic usages and cultural habits of people, carry traces of cataclysmic experiences.