This book comes from the first part of the lecture notes which the author used for a first-year graduate algebra course. The aim of this book is not only to give the students quick access to the basic knowledge of algebra, either for future advancement in the field of algebra, or for general background information, but also to show that algebra is truly a master key or a “skeleton key” to many mathematical problems. As one knows, the teeth of an ordinary key prevent it from opening all but one door; whereas the skeleton key keeps only the essential parts, allow it to unlock many doors. The author wishes to present this book as an attempt to re-establish the contacts between algebra and other branches of mathematics and sciences. Many examples and exercises are included to illustrate the power of intuitive approaches to algebra.