In Religious Fundamentalism in the Middle East, Moaddel and Karabenick analyse fundamentalist beliefs and attitudes across nations (Egypt, Iran, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia), faith (Christianity, Islam) and ethnicity (Azari-Turks, Kurds and Persians among Iranians), using comparative survey data. The authors' analysis reveals a 'cycle of spirituality' that reinforces the critical importance of taking historical and cultural contexts into consideration to understand the role of religious fundamentalism in contemporary Middle Eastern societies.