This book presents current research in the study of the classification and application of fractals. Topics discussed include the fractal model application for nanocomposite polymer/organoclay structures; generalised Rauzy fractals and quasiperiodic tilings; the fractal characterisation of zooplankton motion; fractal space-time theory; Higuchi's fractal dimension method in neurophysiological studies; fractal based classification of brain tumours angioarchitecture and fractal analysis in clinical screening and investigation.