Soil microbes have important functions in the ecosystem including cycling of nutrients, immobilisation and mineralisation of organic matter, controlling pathogens, improving soil structure and enhancing plant growth. The importance of soil microbes in the ecosystem is becoming more elucidated by every day research progress. A wide range of soil microbes, especially the culturable ones, has been so far recognised and there are some other important microbes, which must yet be identified. In the present book, a team of researchers and scientists have contributed their research, ideas and thoughts regarding the microbial methods by which the environment can be kept clean and healthy.