In the year 2009 the new "International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health" was begun under the auspices of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel, in collaboration with Nova Science Publishers in New York, in order to facilitate an outlet for peer-reviewed papers in the areas of both child and adolescent health and human development. The editors hoped that there would be an international interest in such a new journal, and they hoped to receive good-quality reviews and original papers in these areas. This in fact happened, and in this yearbook they have gathered papers from the year 2009. This book discusses recent advances in child and adolescent health with research findings published in the year 2009.