In the year 2008 the new "International Journal of Child and Adolescent Health" was begun under the auspicies of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development in Israel in collaboration with Nova Science Publishers in New York in order to facilitate an outlet for peer-reviewed papers in the areas of both child and adolescent health and human development. They hoped that there would be an international interest in such a new journal, and they hoped to receive good-quality reviews and original papers in these areas. This in fact happened, and in this yearbook they have gathered papers from the year 2008. In this book, leading international experts discuss recent advances in child and adolescent health with research findings published in the year 2008.