During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, servants in the East India Company established a private English trading network that was successful and highly competitive. How was this development maintained seeing that the group of private merchants was constantly changing? The answer must be found in the close ties connecting Madras with the City of London. London was the financial centre of the British Empire as well as the generator of overseas expansion. Colonial societies in the West Indies and North America were economically and socially dependent upon the metropolis and so was Madras. This book places the activities of the private merchants in Madras within the framework of the first British Empire. It focuses on a hitherto neglected field of study, uncovering a private trading network, a diaspora, built on gentlemanly capitalism, trust and ethnicity.