This interdisciplinary collection of essays examines the important and paradoxical relation between women and the French Revolution. Although the male leaders of the Revolution depended on the women's active militant participation, they denied to women the rights they helped to establish. At the same time that women were banned from the political sphere, `woman' was transformed into an allegorical figure which became the very symbol of (masculine) Liberty and Equality. This volume analyses how the revolutionary process constructed a new gender system at the foundation of modern liberal culture.