Realigning Teacher Training in the 21st Century is the product of extensive research that was conducted by UNISA academics in five provinces in South Africa. In this project, 500 primary schools were targeted and the research aimed to find out how Annual National Assessments were affecting the performance of the learners. In addition, the study explored the curriculum and its challenges in schools. The findings clearly indicated that these schools face many challenges and that there is a need to realign teacher training in South Africa so that teaching and learning address the issues uncovered by the research. This book addresses ways that this realignment can happen. Each chapter focuses on a particular aspect or challenge, relating to the subjects that were targeted in the research project. The chapters offer a theoretical approach, where appropriate, and focus on practical changes that can be implemented.