The University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) is a non-profit association of over 50 universities and professional organizations, such as the Association of American Geographers, dedicated to advancing the understanding of geographic processes and spatial relationships. One of the main functions of the UCGIS is to review existing knowledge in GIS and to propose a research agenda to advance the state of the art. This book, produced by the UCGIS, presents a broad-based consensus about GIS: where the technology is, and where it needs to go in the future.