The texts gathered in this collection have served to trace the development of Indigenous literatures while highlighting major trends and themes. The anthology collects 26 indispensable critical essays, from E. Pauline Johnson to Daniel Heath Justice. Though Canadian critics and writers are emphasized, some key works of Native American literary criticism are also included. The essays explore issues that still reverberate in the study of Indigenous literature: appropriation of voice, stereotyping, traditional knowledge, language, land, spirituality, orality, colonialism, post-colonialism, gender, hybridity, authenticity, resistance, and ethical scholarship.