The purpose of this book is to provide evidence for physicians about the prevalence for a range of medical conditions by disability, from a primary care prospective. Each chapter focuses on a secondary condition for which adults with DD are at increased risk, decreased risk, and the same risk as the general population. The incidence and prevalence of each of the secondary conditions is presented, and contrasted to the general population. The special challenges for diagnosis and treatment of the secondary condition is highlighted. Finally the book describes a case study that includes physical, social and emotional challenges and ways to accommodate these issues in a primary care practice.