Showing how problem solving is the same in all computer languages—regardless of syntax—this widely adopted text uses a generic, non-language-specific approach to present the tools and concepts required when using any programming language to develop computer applications. Designed for students with little or no computer experience—but useful to programmers at any level—it provides a step-by-step progression and consistent in-depth coverage of topics, with detailed explanations and many illustrations. Coverage ranges from the basics of mathematical functions and operators to the design and use of such techniques as code, arrays, pointers, other data structures, database concepts, and object- oriented programming concepts. The focus throughout is on the use of problem solving tools—including problem analysis charts, interactivity (structure) charts, IPO charts, coupling diagrams, algorithms, flowcharts, and (in appendices) Universal Modeling Languages concepts, Nassi-Schneiderman charts, and Warnier-Orr diagrams. Techniques are detailed for applications such as page layout, spreadsheets, database management systems, and document processing, and Putting It All Together sections ensure that students learn not only individual problem-solving techniques, but how to put them together into viable strategies for tackling specific kinds of problems/applications.