This volume summarizes important aspects of the biological production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (MAPs), a complex process based on the genetic principles of secondary substance formation. It concentrates on eco-physiological factors and their role in productivity such as biomass. Principles of pharmacognosy including main groups of relevant plant examples are discussed as well as the traditional and recent forms of utilization including phytogenic feed additives. The volume also deals with issues of biodiversity. In view of recent trends and demands on good quality raw material supply of industries, the second part of the book focuses on the production of raw botanical materials.