In spite of the increasing numbers of women entering graduate programs in the physical sciences and mathematics in recent years, they continue to remain underrepresented in tenure track academic positions in these fields. This symposium series book looks at the reasons for this under-representation of women in academic science. Social scientists examine the factors that are hindering women from attaining and advancing in these positions. The academic training of
women in the US is examined as it relates to their placement in top universities. The situation of women chemists in Europe is also examined and best practices for the training and retention of women in academe are elucidated.