The discovery and use of coal as a fuel dates back to ancient times, with early records in China and Wales. Coal's consistent use and significant impact on society and industrial development emerged during the Middle Ages in England, eventually driving the Industrial Revolution. This book explores the fundamentals of coal, its formation, classification, and exploration, as well as its preparation, analysis, properties, and impacts on health and safety. It serves as a comprehensive resource for students, researchers, and professionals in the field of chemistry, energy, and materials science, highlighting the importance of sustainable coal utilization in shaping our world.