This contributed volume compiles the latest improvements in the field of nanobiotechnology, with a special emphasis on microbial-synthesized nanoparticles. It focuses on topics that comprise the microbials synthesized nanoparticles, their characterization, and applications in the field of medicine and biotechnology, which are organized in three parts, respectively. Ranging from micro-scale studies to macro, it covers a huge domain of nanotechnology in relevance to microbiology. Overall, the book portrays the importance of microbial processes in the sustainable production of nanomaterials to reduce the environmental burden caused by nanomaterials produced by chemical processes. The book is a ready reference for practicing students, researchers of nanobiotechnology, environmental biotechnology, and other allied fields likewise.