From her very beginning, the Church has been entrusted with the universal commission to "make disciples of all nations" (Matt 28:19), offering to the entire world the new life and communion with God that is made available in Christ through Baptism and the Christian confession of faith. This charge requires of the Church and her members both an orientation to God and a responsibility for the world—neither can be neglected, as they form an indissoluble relational unity that flows from the person of Christ, the "one mediator between God and men"(1 Tim 2:5). Yet in the current age, the Church appears forced to choose between God and the world, between the identity of the faith and its relevance for modern humanity, between fidelity to Revelation and innovation.

In True and False Reform, Gerhard Cardinal Müller seeks to provide an aid for navigating the tensions, confusions, and divisions of this modern crisis, directing our attention to the Church's essence, characteristics, life, and mission—not as one religion among others, but as the site of Christ's saving presence with humanity. It is Christ who is the Church's life and foundation, and Christ, too, who is the source and end of that transformation according to his likeness to which all are called. Müller shows that this universal call to renewal in Christ—in faith, life, and prayer—is the basis of the Church's catholicity, the principal of all true reform, and the impetus for Catholics' journeying together with Christians from other churches and ecclesial communities toward perfect unity in Christ.