In this book leading profesionals in the semiconductor microelectronics field discuss the future evolution of their profession. The following are some of the questions discussed:* Does CMOS technology have a real problem?* Do transistors have to be smaller or just better and made of better materials?* What is to come after semiconductors?* Superconductors or molecular conductors?* Is bottom-up self-assembling the answer to the limitation of top-down lithography?* Is it time for Optics to become a force in computer evolution?* Quantum Computing, Spintronics?* Where is the printable plastic electronics proposed 10 years ago?* Are carbon nanotube transistors the CMOS of the future?