This is a report of a meeting sponsored by the National Science Foundation to determine research trends and consequent funding/research needs in fluid dynamics. The book covers major industries, technologies, and environmental issues affected by fluid mechanics, as well as the future research directions that should be undertaken in the field. The text does not only cover research gaps, but the areas touched upon are crucial to the resolution of serious global and regional environmental problems, and will enable important technological and economical developments in the US. This book should be of interest to anyone in fluid mechanics. Strongest potential readers should be people in related fields, specifically: mechanical engineers, aerospace engineers, chemical engineers, civil engineers, oceanographers, and meteorologists.