With an increasing awareness, amongst countries and development agencies, of the importance of policies which facilitate and improve the flow of goods and services across borders, this publication sets out 8 country case studies (Bolivia, Ghana, Morocco, Mozambique, Peru, Philippines, Turkey, Uganda), examining improved customs administrative systems. Such improvements can offer great benefits, such as improved market access, lowered tariffs, reduced transportation costs and better communications. Also an effective customs administration system can act as a catalyst for economic development. These case studies highlight both the successes and failures of such customs administrative programmes, and is a companion volume to the Customs Modernization Handbook (ISBN 0821357514).