The subject of this book is the study of the processes of archaeological semiosis, to examine hoqw arhaeologists give meaning to discoveries. The analyses are based on the branch of semiotics originally developed by Charles Sanders Peirce over a hundred years ago but that have only recently gained stronger interest by those theorists of archaeological research who have come to realize the limitations of the more influential de Saussurean branch of semiotics. The purpose is not to provide yet another interpretation of Neolithic symbolism from Southern Levant but to illuminate through case studies how modern archaeologists give meaning to the fascinating prehistoric discoveries.