This is an annual collection of studies of individuals who have made major contributions to the development of geography and geographical thought. The thirtieth volume of "Geographers: Biobibliographical Studies" takes as its subject the contributions of nine individuals to the advancement and enrichment of geographical knowledge. The subjects are drawn from across Europe and the United States of America, from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and include famous names as well as some less well known figures. Each study includes a select bibliography, a list of sources and a brief chronology of the life written about. As with other volumes in the series, the purpose is not to evaluate, but to present individuals and their contributions as they really were and in the context of their time. The emphasis is on the development and spread of ideas and their role in the history of geographical thought. "Geographers Biobibliographical Studies (GBS)" is the world-leading annual serial international publication devoted to the critical biographical assessment of scholars' contributions to geography and geographical knowledge.