The discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Nag Hammadi texts, and new Targums has left biblical scholars increasingly interested in the relationship between the New Testament and first-century Judaism. This critically acclaimed study by Richard Longenecker sheds fresh light on this relationship by exploring the methods the earliest Christians used to interpret the Old Testament. By comparing the first Christian writings with Jewish documents from the same period, Longenecker helps to discern some of the key differences between Christianity and Judaism. This second edition of Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period brings Longenecker's valued work up to date with current research in this important field of study.