This book addresses aspects related to the recognition, diagnosis and management of social anxiety disorder (SAD) under a critical and innovative perspective. Therefore, it gathers contributions from renowned researchers in the field through both theoretical and empirical studies. The main topics covered will be theoretical and empirical models, heritability, instruments for assessment of symptoms and diagnosis, self-esteem, social skills, different approaches for treatment of SAD (social skills training, group cognitive-behavioural therapy, self-administered psychological interventions based on virtual interactions on the Internet, transcranial magnetic stimulation, ayahuasca and other hallucinogens). The possibilities of treatment and management of music performance anxiety will also be discussed by means of a literature review and clinical study. This book offers to clinicians, researchers and/or mental health students the opportunity to learn and update existing information concerning SAD, a frequent condition which compromises the quality of life and the psychosocial functioning of many individuals.