This survey of American Indian policy provides a short history of the mainly unsuccessful efforts by American Indians in the past to assert themselves, and then examines changing concepts relating to self-governance and political, economic, legal, educational, religious, and employment rights. This assessment of Indian opportunities and difficulties examines self-governance in relation to economic development, the redefinition of property rights, the status of development on Indian reservations, and the success some tribes have had in attempting to utilize their resources appropriately and more effectively.