This book brings together several specialists from different fields around a strict endemic forest species having an important role in the economy of rural populations. This book is interested in clarifying the different aspects linked to the Argan tree, from its origin to its multiple uses. The different aspects that will be explored are biology, ecology, genetic diversity, the powers of adaptation to stress, diseases and their bio-control, the interactions of plants with their environment, and more. Also legislative aspects linked to Argan tree exploitation and its status as a biosphere reserve will be discussed. The chemical importance of Argania, by the biomolecules extracted from argan oil, will be discussed as well for cosmetic and medical uses. Finally, the technical aspects linked to the regeneration and growth and development of Argan trees in the natural and artificial ecosystem will be dealt with.