This book comprehensively reviews the intricate and multifaceted role of the oral microbiome in overall health and well-being. The introductory chapters present the diverse bacterial consortium inhabiting the oral cavity and the influence of dietary habits on the nature of the oral microbiome. The book investigates the link between the gut microbiome and susceptibility to disease, expanding the understanding of the interconnectedness of the human microbiota. Further, the book discusses the involvement of the oral microbiome in acute and chronic infections and addresses the concerning issue of drug resistance within this complex environment. It unveils the connection between the oral microbiome and mouth cancer and malignancies, presenting critical insights into disease prevention and management. The book also expands the scope, examining the role of the oral microbiome in systemic infections and revealing connections between oral bacteria and cardiac diseases. Towards the end, the book explores the pivotal role of oral microbiota in children’s well-being and reviews the various diagnostic techniques associated with the oral microbiome. This book is intended for researchers in the fields of microbiology and immunology, dentists, oral health specialists, physicians, and health care practitioners.