Since the 2010 Deepwater Horizon blowout and oil spill, efforts to improve safety in the offshore oil industry have resulted in the adoption of new technological controls, increased promotion of safety culture, and the adoption of new data collection systems to improve both safety and performance. As an essential element of a positive safety culture, operators and regulators are increasingly integrating strategies that empower workers to participate in process safety decisions that reduce hazards and improve safety.



While the human factors of personal safety have been widely studied and widely adopted in many high-risk industries, process safety – the application of engineering, design, and operative practices to address major hazard concerns – is less well understood from a human factors perspective, particularly in the offshore oil industry. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine organized a workshop in January 2018 to explore best practices and lessons learned from other high-risk, high-reliability industries for the benefit of the research community and of citizens, industry practitioners, decision makers, and officials addressing safety in the offshore oil industry. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Table of Contents


Front Matter
1 Introduction and Themes of the Workshop
2 The Piper Alpha and the Deepwater Horizon
3 Effective Worker Empowerment for Offshore Safety
4 The Roles of Different Stakeholders
5 Barriers to Effective Worker Empowerment
6 Lessons from Offshore Operations in Other Regions
7 Current Systems for Worker Responses to Unsafe Conditions, Worker Interventions, and Reporting
8 Training for Empowerment
9 Important Messages and Potential Next Steps
Appendix A: Workshop Agenda
Appendix B: Workshop Participants
Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee Members, Speakers, and Moderators