Little is known about the political dynamics of states that have just experienced an internal war, despite the increasing need to deal with such states in the post-Cold-War world. This work examines what prompts leaders in post-revolutionary states to employ repression or accommodation. Through statistical analysis and case studies of Iran, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Bolivia, it also examines the effects of these choices on how the domestic opposition reacts, what type of political system develops in the new state, and whether or not the leaders who institute these policies survive in power. The book concludes with a series of policy recommendations.