Recent advances in psychoacoustics and speech research have an important impact on our understanding of hearing impairment and the concepts of compensating hearing problems with modern hearing instruments. This proceedings of the summer school and symposium give an introduction into the latest developments in this interdisciplinary area. Tutorials of leading international scientists as well as more focused contributions of active researchers provide an excellent overview and a documentation of the “state of the art”. The book is of interest for everybody involved in hearing research, audiology, and audio signal processing.