This work was intended to be presented to a larger circle of readers and admirers of Dante an approach to the "Divine Comedy" from a novel point of view, showing, in a brief historical survey of the various lands and ages of the past, the development of the concepts of Hell and Heaven, which, together with the Christian Purgatory, form the central idea of the grand poem which has captivated the souls and elicited the admiration of the greatest minds of modern civilization.