There has been increased interest in recent years in the use of the history of mathematics in the teaching of mathematics. Many researchers around the world are now conducting empirical studies of the use of history in the mathematics classroom to get more insight into its educational implications. To make these new results available to a wider audience the editors of this book have collected articles stemming from presentations at recent meetings of the International Study Group on the Relations Between History and Pedagogy of Mathematics (the HPM Group), the European Summer University on the History and Epistemology in Mathematics Education (ESU), and the Congress of the European Society for Research in Mathematics Education (CERME). Some of the articles present theoretical perspectives on the use of history, while others give results of empirical studies on how the history of mathematics aided their students in understanding mathematical ideas.