Pakistan and China enjoy exemplary friendly ties, which have been expanding and becoming even deeper with time. China’s main geopolitical focus in South Asia is to restrain India as a competitor by using Pakistan as a proxy. China’s growing economic and security relation with Pakistan, and the unholy nexus between the two, remains a major worry for India as the growing Chinese involvement is bound to erode India’s influence in the region. Another area of concern has been the lack of credible Indian deterrence to the hybrid threats that it faces as a result of such collusivity between Pakistan and China.

This book is the culmination of a series of discussions held under the aegis of the United Service Institution of India on the subject of Sino-Pak Collusivity and Hybrid Warfare. The book contains details on Concepts and Determinants of Hybrid Warfare, an objective assessment of the China–Pakistan Collusive Threats and their Implication for India, and makes Policy recommendations for India in the Time-Frame up to 2030.