Kazakstan and Uzbekistan together generate two-fifths of output in the CIS, other than Russia, and have more promising export prospects in fuels, minerals, and agricultural products than most of the post-Soviet states. This paper analyzes economic policy and performance in these two key Central Asian states and considers their prospects for future economic development. The comparison reveals significant differences in the two states' programs for economic reform and in their responses to proposals for economic reintegration in the CIS. A volume of the Former Soviet South Papers, Third Series