Based on the proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2019), held on February 7–10, 2019, in San Diego, California, USA, the book also examines the forces that are currently shaping the nature of computing and cognitive systems, such as the need to reduce hardware costs; the importance of infusing intelligence and automation; the trend toward hardware miniaturization and power reduction; the need for a better assimilation of computation in the environment; and social concerns regarding access to computers and systems for people with special needs. It offers a timely survey and a practice-oriented reference guide for policy- and decision-makers, human factors engineers, systems developers and users alike.