Vitamin D is a seco-steroid hormone with several important functions in the nervous system, mediated through the nuclear vitamin D receptors (VDR). Numerous human and animal data link alterations in the vitamin D-VDR system to various behavioural disorders. Here we studied whether partial deletion of the VDR gene in mice may be associated with altered behavioural phenotypes. Overall, subjected to a battery of tests, VDR mutant mice showed increased anxiety, increased grooming activity, abnormal grooming sequencing, impaired swimming, aberrant nest-building and maternal behaviours, compared to their control littermates. Behavioural phenotypes of heterozygous mice were similar to the wild type control group, indicating that behavioural abnormalities associated with the lack of VDR are inherited as recessive. In contrast, olfactory, visual and balancing abilities, as well as sexual behaviours were unaltered in all three genotypes, suggesting that these domains are unaffected by the mutation. Overall, our results suggest that neurosteroid hormone vitamin D and VDR may play an important role in controlling various behaviours, further confirming the important role of the vitamin D system and VDR in the brain.