Algorithms were always an important part of many branches in the sciences. In many manuals and handbooks, algorithms of problems of computational mathematics are focused on the manual performance or by means of a calculator. In this book, descriptions of algorithms, their solutions and main characteristics are discussed. The present work is the outcome of many years of the authors' work on solving different problems and tasks from domains of instruction making, metrology, system analysis, ecology, data analysis from ecology, agriculture, medicine and creation of corresponding universal computer packages and systems.