The proceedings of this 17th international conference address both fundamental issues and applications in the field of x-ray and inner-shell processes induced by photons, particles, or nuclear conversion. The invited papers and progress reports in this volume provide overviews and in-depth reviews describing the current state-of-the-art in science and technology involving x-rays and inner shell processes. It brings scientists together from different communities investigating x-ray and inner-shell processes with diverse experimental techniques. New developments are emphasized and in particular the physics related to: ultra-bright coherent sources, imaging techniques, spin and momentum spectroscopy, and x-ray detectors. This book is intended for researchers and scientists involved with fundamental x-ray physics and x-ray instrumentation.