The 2nd International Symposium on Aqua Science, Water Resource and Low Carbon Energy (the 2nd ISASWR•LCE) was held during December 7-10, 2009 in Sanya, Hainan, China. The aim of the symposium is to provide a forum for the researchers, academics and industry experts to discuss the latest advances and challenges in water science, water resource and low carbon energy. Water resource and low carbon energy for sustainable development is apt and timely topics, particularly when human beings are facing the crises originated in civilization. The solutions to these crises may lie in the harmonious and compatible circulation of carbon and water on the earth.