The International Consortium of Chinese Mathematicians was founded in 2016, with the purpose of promoting and advancing mathematics within the extended Chinese community, and building good relationships between Chinese mathematicians and other mathematicians throughout the world. The second meeting of the Consortium was held in December 2018 at Sun Yat-sen University in Taipei, Taiwan. The present volume consists of 37 expository papers by the speakers and awardees of that event: plenary speakers, nominated invited speakers, and winners of the Best Paper and Distinguished Paper awards. Consistent with the mission of the Consortium, all contributors were asked to write high-quality expository papers which serve as accessible introductions to—and comprehensive overviews of—the subjects under discussion. All papers have been carefully refereed.