The Colombian Civil Society Organizations have changed in the last years. Chapter One presents grouping transformations of these organisations, considering which socio-economic and political aspects suffered from late XIX Century until the XX Century in Colombia, have changed governments agendas, transforming their functional perspectives. Chapter Two highlights the most common challenges related to social determinants of health in selected slum areas in Amman and Aqaba and Suggesting policy directions and interventions so as to meet these challenges. Chapter Three examines the determinants of poverty in urban slums in four secondary cities of Bangladesh (i.e., Tongi, Jessore, Mymensingh and Dinajpur) based on a census survey of 33,049 households using a probit model. Chapter Four employs phenomenological ethnography in order to examine the conditions that allow children to play with the toddler version of the German toy-making company Playmobil 1.2.3. Chapter Five questions conciliation policies, considering them as perverse effects which consequences strengthen the inequality between men and women in the labor market, and claims that inequality between men and women in the labor market intersects with other social inequalities. Chapter Six examines the Work Outcome Preferences among men and women according to organisational status. Chapter Seven characterises womens contraceptive choice by accounting for individual characteristics that theoretically shape this decision and testing empirically what characteristics are significant.