This book presents a complete account of the 18th International Taniguchi Symposium on Brain Sciences, held on the island of Hawaii, February 5-8, 1995. The first part of this comprehensive volume examines emotion, including the limbic system, animal models of autism, the neuronal mechanism of emotion and behavior, and a PET study on depression. The second section focuses on the brain mechanisms of memory and covers the hippocampal place code, long-term and short-term memory, and neuro-psychological studies on amnesic patients. The final part covers brain mechanisms of normal and abnormal behavior, visual processing within the temporal cortex, perception of geometric illusions, inhibition and facilitation of visual-motor links, self-mutilation, and a neuroanatomical study on cognitive aging. A neurochemical study on sleep and wakefulness is included. This reference will be useful in furthering not only basic neuroscience but also neuropsychiatry in years to come.