African scholars, policymakers, and environmental scientists focus on the declining resource base in developing countries on that continent. The resource base includes renewable and nonrenewable natural resources as well as social, cultural, and educational resources. While the 1992 Earth Summit did not satisfactorily address the underlying causes of underdevelopment, this volume offers new perspectives and paradigms from a forum of international and local experts. Subjects covered include environmental impact, technology transfer, human welfare, poverty and environmental degradation, population explosion, foreign investment, capital development, capital flight, economic crisis, political instability, declining nationalism, traditional leadership, and the role of African women. West African, and particularly Nigerian, examples abound.